The issue of societal collapse is a complex and multi-dimensional problem, often resulting from the interplay of various risk factors. Nevertheless, it remains valuable to examine these factors independently. Therefore, this section will specifically address individual influential factors that contribute to societal collapse.

Climate Change

• Global warming above 2°C
• The trouble with tipping points
• Climate anomalies and societal collapse

Famine

• Escaping the Malthusian Trap
• Famine’s Role in Societal Collapse

Bad Luck

• Is societal collapse just a random event?

Trade

• Trade collapse

Coordination Problems

• Anthropocene traps

Infrastructure

• The consequences of large-scale blackouts